A Breath of Fresh Air
But, unfortunately, you don't get to choose your battles.
So, amid all the confusion that I can see all around the world about Islam, I felt, as a Muslim, that I had to throw in my 2 cents.
It just happened that at the same time I have been following the writings and TV interviews of Egypt's Mofti (religious judge, sort of) Ali Gomaa, and to tell you the truth, he provided hope for me amid all the depression that is all around.
You see, religion will continue to play dominant role for people in this part of the world; this is just the way it is. It has nothing to do with Islam in particular. Mid-eastern Christians, for example, are on average more religious than other Christians. The same goes for Jews. And it goes all the way back to the times of the pharaohs. For better or worse, religion is crucial to the self identity of people around here, and the most we can hope for is that there is strong religious leadership which is aware of what's happening around it and is able to evolve and integrate with the times and the state of the world.
This is where Al-Azhar comes in, and where people like Ali Gomaa come in. Read through this interview he gave Al-Ahram Weekly 5 years ago, before he was appointed as Mufti (really read it, take your time, and stop juggling between windows!), and you'll see signs of somebody who is really in sync with the world, and who sees progress as the natural development of religion, unlike the stuck-in-time mentality of Ossama and Co.
Of course, he is strong on cultural specificity, which I respect, and kind of agree with, as the topic of globalization and how the world should integrate together is still a topic of debate for a lot of "western" thinkers as well. But even though, take notice of how he sees those cultural differences should be ironed out.
People like Ali Gomaa, and similar moderate Muslims are very important smearing targets for fundamentalist groups. Those groups have realized long ago that those enlightened scholars are the main obstacle between them and dominating the public mind. To overcome this, they relentlessly try to debase them through different means. The most common for somebody like Ali Gomaa, or the Grand Sheikh of Azhar, is pointing out that they're government-appointed, and are therefore as credible as their employer. Which I think is stupid, because even an entity intent on taking all the wrong decisions, will, without doubt, take at least one right one if even out of error. In this case I think this would be Ali Gomaa. But don't take my word for it, read the interview. A Must Read!!
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14 Comments:
That was a great article, thanks for that! We seriously need more of that type nowadays..
By The Sphinx, at March 03, 2006 9:04 AM
Thanks for your thoughtful remarks. Really. I think this kind of level-headed argument is the only road, literlay, to spare us the horrors of the "clash of civilizations"
Listen, I would be lying if I say that I didn't raise an eyebrow on a couple of things which you yourself found issues with. But, I'll have to admit that the past couple of weeks had really made me lower my expecations a bit. Meaning; I always thought that there would always be a way for all people to exist together in an environment of understanding, and tolerance. Now, the most I'm hoping for, at least at this point of time, is for everybody to just take a step back and think about what they're saying (like we're doing now) and find a way around our differences.
As I said before, religion is very important for people in this part of the world. And as I said also there will always be differences between the world views of "east" and "west". People like Ali Gomaa, whom we both can find issues with what they're saying, provide a better alternative to the divisive rhetorics of other Muslim hardliners. I am a pargmatic person, and I think that supporting those people would in effect help take some grounds from the hardliners who are effectively dominating both sides of the discussion. I also learnt to look past historical debates which inveitably manage to sneak into any similar discussions.
I predicted some sort of a similar response. But I was pleasently surprised at the objectivity of your argument. I hope that you find the fact that I posted both the manifesto, and this article about Ali Gomaa in two successive posts, a sign that some Muslims are really capable of self-criticism and tolerating opposing points of view. And, I guess that this blog (and many others) provide numerous examples of self-criticism.
I'm waiting for your detailed response (my e-mail is tomanbay.blog@gmail.com). An I would like to take your permission to post our exchange as a seperate post, as I see this as a very constructive start!
Take Care
By TB, at March 03, 2006 7:57 PM
Prup,
I totally disagree with you about almost everything you've listed, which I think is more about lack of knowledge of the history of islam and a typical projection of medieval european practices than out of any kind of ill intentions (I hope), I'm really buisy today, but I'll dispute some of your points, first of all your idea about lack of self criticism, just because you haven't heard about it doesn't mean it doesn't exist, through the entire islamic history moslem, christian and jewish scholars living in moslem countries have always criticized and raised questions about the religion, for example the ninth century arab scholar and physician Abu Bakr Al Razy wrote down a critique of the Koran acknowledging the extreme beauty of it's poetry but at the same time claiming that it doesn't prove its divinity and went as far as claiming that he could come up with better verses, also the great jewish scholar Ibn Maymun (known in the west as Maymonides) wrote relentlessly about the superiority of judaism compared to islam and christianity debating moslem scholars and the sultan of egypt himself, and in the twentieth century, Taha Hussein broke all the taboos regarding the koran and wrote a comparative study between the Koran and preislamic literature highlighting the similarities between both, yet were those people persecuted or punished for their ideas? No,they were highly respected during their life time and are still held in high regard until now. Now, just imagine if one of them wrote what he wrote about christianity while living in medieval europe. One thing I have to agree with you on howeever, is that currently and for the past thirty years moslems have become highly deficient when it comes to self criticism, I agree, we need more of it.
Also your claim about islam's spread by the sword and forced conversions, first of all, let me tell you that one of the rules the Koran was absolutely adamant about and reinterated and emphasized over and over again was the unequivocal prohibition of compulsion in religion, that's theoretical wise, history wise, when the moslems after the death of the prophet conquered neighboring byzantine and persian empires, they usually had a period in which a moratorium on any kind of conversions to islam was imposed even if it's out of free conviction, that's why it took a country like Egypt almost five hundred years to become a moslem majority, also doesn't it really strike you that the moslems stayed in Spain for seven hundred years with the christians as the majority throughout the entire period, if they were being coerced into conversion, which what exactly took place after roles were reversed and the moslems and jews were either given the choice of conversion or leaving or being killed, that's why I thought of your medieval projection. And by the way, not a single moslem soldier stepped foot in the largest moslem country now, Indonesia, can you explain where does the sword and the forced conversion fit here?
One other point that you didn't mention but I have to bring it up, why is it that whenever a moslem country has a free election they almost always elect a woman? (from Benazeer Bhuto in super religious and nutty pakistan, to Megawaty in indonesia to Khalda Diaa in Bangladesh to Tansu Chiller in Turkey), is that a coincidence or what.
You've also mentioned the moslem paranoia of the west, can you deny that the west have similar and even higher paranoia of islam?
Also can you please reference your sources regarding your statement about the slaves being bought from moslem traders, and when I say reference I don't mean a movie or a comic book :).
Got many other points, but got to go now. Later.
By Anonymous, at March 03, 2006 9:46 PM
I second a lot of mohammed points. You see Prup, the problem that we're really having with Islam, is that there is alot of confusion between Islam and Muslims. I'm serious now...Islam is effictively hijacked nowadays by some people who really don't get it all. So as mohamed said, while you see a lot of intolerance from some Muslims nowadays, that doesn't mean that Islam is intolerant, it just says that there are Muslims today who don't get what Islam is about, and are only worshipping the "text". That's why I found Ali Gomaa's point about the two books appealing. Extremists don't even know about the second book "life"...they make no effort to reconcile with that.
Also, sound bite culture doesn't work with major religious or philosophical paradigms. For example you're taking issue with Ali Gomaa mentioning the "Killing the infidels" verse in the quran. You may find that repugnant, and it is if taken out of context. But when you think about it in historical context, you'd find that this was a time when those polytheists were actually fighting muslims, so it makes sense to fight back. You might say that a rule in Quran should be generic and applicable to all times, and I agree. And actually the more general, less quoted rule, which is also mentioned in quran is that "God doesn't dissuade you from doing God to those who didn't evict you out of your houses, and land"...so the rule is really general and simple...if somebody didn't kick you out, you have to be good with...its as simple as that, and frankly any rational being would agree that this would be the normal inclination of most rational, and level-headed persons.
By TB, at March 04, 2006 3:31 AM
Actually I think that the mufti meant exactly what I said. He is effectively saying that those young people are so ignorant that they fail to see the real reason of the revelation of this specific verse, which is to fight the 'mushrikin' of Mecca at that very specific time.
And yes, Quran has some verses that are specific to certain situations, and the key to know which is specific and which is general is the study of the reasons of revleation of each verse (which is a really established science in respectable instiutions like Al-Azhar). That's why radicals base most of their interpretation of Islam on specific subset of Quran which, most scholars would agree, was intent on adressing certain situations, and was later amended, by God also, to provide a more general rule.
Wine is, as you probably know, prohibited in Islam. But it wasn't actually prohibited right away. In fact there is a verse that tell Muslims to not go to prayers drunk, only. Of course that was later generalized (modesty, and giving people chance to adapt is a tenant of Islamic law), but some people to our very day still in believe in the first verse only.
The reason why I am confident in the interpreation I gave you of Ali Gomaa's comment, is that I read for him, and listen to a lot of his interviews. He recently said that a Muslim is not porhibited from selling alchohal in non-muslim countries (a comment which is reason enough to kill him for a lot of radicals), becaue integrating into society and living peacfuly is of more paramount importance. He also commented saying that it is ok to celebrate Valentine day in muslim countries, because the whole world is celebrating it, and it is the duty of Muslims to participate in the world (again something that can get him killed in Saudi Arabia for example).
So, as you can see, the man is all for integration and understanding of the other. Also bear in mind that the article was more or less a profile of the man, i.e it wasn't intent on knowing his stand on the specific issue, so dont expect a complete answer from him.
Again, thanks for the civilized discussion
By TB, at March 04, 2006 4:17 PM
Tomanbay,
I greatly appreciate the discussion you have started as I think it is avery important one. i also believe that any reform of Islam needs to come from muslim communities themselves, but I also think there is a great difference between Islamic reform in the parts of the world where muslims are the majority and those where they are a minority. Muslims in the west need to find a way to relate to societies that are "secular", bearing in mind that secular doesn't mean atheist. The way I see it there are two main strategies, one being a form of (more or less)self imposed isolation, with as little contact with the majority as possible. The problem with such a strategy is that this will make a muslim minority vulnerable as they will most probably be seen as an alien "other" by the majority community and even possibly as a threat. The other strategy is one of assimilation, but this could lead to a watering out of the faith and a loss of identity so to follow this strategy I think there needs to be a reform of Islam based on a "western" perspective. So a cleric who to such a strong degree oposes wetern influence in the east (as I read it), wont be of much help to the latter strategy. I do, however, agree with you that it is possible be inspired by someone without agreeing with everything they say. Many western philosophers who contributed to our idea of a liberal society and the universal human rights, had opinions that would be completely unacceptable today!
Prup and Mohamed,
For info on slavery, check out Wikipeedia under "slavery".
K from Oslo
By Anonymous, at March 04, 2006 10:10 PM
I don't know - I regularly watch Ali Gomaa on TV and sometimes read his fatawi (for example the one he did against women leading prayer) and find him not nearly as awe-inspiring as you seem to. However there is an Azhari shaikh I really do like/respect and usually find him convincing when I listen to him and that is Ahmed Omar Hashim (I think the first name is Ahmed, and am sure about the last two names). He wrote a very impressive fatwa about smoking that is on the World Health Org site, and when he is on the TV shows I find what he says to be convincing and not just circular reasoning (like so many other muftis I hear).
By Anna in PDX, at March 05, 2006 11:22 AM
Yes, that's his name. He is a very educated person; he is the president of the Azhar university.
Again, I'm not crazy about anybody, I just find the fact that there are lots of educated, tolerant (to different degrees) muslim scholars, as an indication that there is hope for discussion and improvement. The fact that their voice aren't as loud as we would like them to be, and that they're systematically riducled by radicals, give an indication that there is a real battle to be fought among Muslims between forces of intolerance, and those of moderation.
By TB, at March 05, 2006 11:58 AM
I'm beginning to get that impression too. Unfortunately western media hasn't been very good at reporting about the alternative voices in the muslim world, so you and your fellow bloggers are doing a very important job. Keep up the good work!
K from Oslo
By Anonymous, at March 05, 2006 7:42 PM
Prup aka: Um, no, they are not "exceptions who are ridiculed by the majority." They are the establishment in Egypt. He is talking about the second highest ranking person in the Egyptian religious heirarchy (the highest is the Shaikh of Al Azhar). The guy I referred to would be up there as well in the top 5.
It is true that establishment religious leaders are so normal and banal that they are not often considered "news' the way that radical freaks are.
Also, I don't understand why you think Ali Gomaa, although I personally think he is too consrvative for my taste, is anything like the race-baiting nasty jerk Robertson. As for the guy I mentioned, I doubt you have ever read anything by him or have anything on which to base an opinion of whether he is extreme or not. I do, and he is not.
By Anna in PDX, at March 06, 2006 12:59 PM
Great article about Chomsky Anna, it's really sad that very few people in Egypt know that people like Chomsky even exist, most probably it's because the views and the policies advocated by the Samuel Huntingtons and the Fukoyamas are the ones being implemented right now.
May I suggest you write about Edward Said and Robert Fisk next?
PS: I couldn't post a comment on your blog unless I'm a blogger, is there anyway to change that?
By Anonymous, at March 07, 2006 7:38 PM
To Mohamed, I don't know. I am not very clever at HTML and use Blogger because it is easy for end-user types like me. Maybe someone else here could give you advice?
To Jim Benton, yes I don't agree with every fatwa and I dont' like the overall methodology used in traditional Sunni fiqh as it is so tradition heavy that there is very little possibility within it for bold changes like women leading prayer and I personally was very underwhelmed by the fatwa you refer to. On the other hand, it was meticulously researched by the mufti. If you want to read a fatwa by Ahmad Omar Hashim that impressed me, there is a very good one at the WHO's section about the dangers of smoking. He says smoking should be considered "haraam" (forbidden) and has a very good andl ogical set of arguments to back it up.
How fiqh is developed over time is a subject that requires a lifetime of study and I don't expect any critic of fiqh to know as much about it as a really qualified mufti. However doing some background reading in how the overall process works is probably a good idea.
Omid Safi, an American academic, has published a collection of articles in a book "Progressive Muslims" which includes a very interesting article about the fiqh of marriage and divorce by American scholar Kecia Ali, which will give you a good idea of how fiqh works in that particular arena. I actually highly recommend the entire book.
By Anna in PDX, at March 08, 2006 9:14 AM
Thanks Anna, and again, great blog.
By Anonymous, at March 08, 2006 8:15 PM
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By Anonymous, at March 23, 2006 7:38 AM
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